What is Ethereum?
World computer, truth machine – with the second-largest cryptocurrency
fundamentals-ethereum
Since its birth in 2015, Ethereum has been focused on one core principle: decentralization.
This vision holds that a new kind of internet can make it possible to transfer value independent of 3rd-parties and eliminate the weaknesses and security risks of centralized data storage and applications.
Ethereum’s native cryptocurrency, Ether (ETH), which helps power the Ethereum blockchain and keep it secure, has risen in value to become the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization.
To understand the power of Ethereum and the promise of decentralization that it seeks to attain, it helps to take a closer look at what it is and how its innovations, including smart contracts, can potentially change many aspects of the world we live in.
The Beginnings of Ethereum
After the birth of Bitcoin, developers in the crypto space made many attempts to extend the possibilities of the Bitcoin blockchain for other use cases beyond peer-to-peer payments and finance.
One such developer was Vitalik Buterin. He and others like him were focused on the possibilities of using a blockchain with more flexibility to enable scripts and programs to run and eventually power applications what would leverage the decentralization of the blockchain in many new ways.
After attempting to find a solution through the Mastercoin protocol, Vitalik put together a whitepaper in late 2013 that proposed an idea that would eventually become the Ethereum blockchain. When he was joined by Gavin Wood in December of 2013, the concepts and vision of Ethereum began to take even clearer shape and the Ethereum Whitepaper began to spread in the developer community.
In the following months, the community grew quickly and attracted numerous others including Joe Lubin, Mihai Alisie, Charles Hoskinson and more. The core group of developers and proponents ended up coming to Zug, Switzerland to set up a foundation in support of the vision that they had laid out.
In July 2014, the Ethereum Foundation conducted a crowdsale in which it sold over 50 million ETH to the public. The following year, on 30 July 2015, the genesis block of the Ethereum blockchain was mined and the Ethereum journey towards decentralization began in earnest.
Ethereum as the World Computer
What began in 2015 was more than the launch of another cryptocurrency with its own blockchain. The vision was to create a world computer.
What does this mean?
Think for a moment about what a blockchain was originally designed to do – store a distributed record of transactions of a peer-to-peer electronic cash (Bitcoin). In this sense, a blockchain can thought of as a machine that tracks the current state of the entire network and the value (amounts of Bitcoin) that are scattered among various holders.
When Bob sends a certain amount of Bitcoin to Alice, the Bitcoin blockchain records this transaction – in other words it updates the current state of the ledger and takes note that Bob now has less Bitcoin and Alice has more.
Similarly, Ethereum records the transactions of ETH. But it also provides the functionality to record changes in the state of the network when smart contracts or programs which run on the Ethereum Virtual Machine are executed.
This might not seem like a difficult or revolutionary thing, until we think about the implications. Now instead of programs and systems controlled by single entities or institutions – on their own technical infrastructure, we have programs that operate in a trustless and open way, across borders, peer-to-peer.
This enables decentralized applications (dApps) which do not live just on one computer or server, to operate even if they may have various inputs and changes in state over time. The consensus mechanism of the blockchain helps maintain their integrity even without intermediaries or counter-parties.
Now with all of this, we get a system which can execute programs over and over again, anywhere in the world, with guaranteed code execution because the logic is embedded on the blockchain.
In other words, we get a world computer.
Ethereum as a smart contract platform
The programs – or more accurately scripts – which run on the Ethereum blockchain are commonly referred to as smart contracts.
Let’s take a look at an example—a decentralized application for flight delay insurance. The heart of the application is a smart contract – a program running on the Ethereum blockchain – which can:
Accept premiums (in ETH) from passengers wishing to buy flight delay insurance for their journey
Calculate the risk and premium level for individual flights based on historical data and current weather information (provided by so-called oracles)
Determine if the flight had been delayed based on a link to flight tracking database
Automatically distribute the correct insurance payout to passengers who were on a delayed flight.
Obviously, such insurance is available today from various providers around the world, but using the Ethereum blockchain allowed the flight delay insurance application to automate the entire process from the insurance policy setup to the moment of payout, and made it possible for people in different places to interact with the system without cumbersome paperwork or one centralized authority and ultimately provide a much better customer experience.
This is just one example of a smart contract in action. Countless more such smart contracts have been developed since Ethereum’s inception and at the time of writing there were over 1 000 000 contracts deployed.
Ethereum and decentralized finance
One of the most important use cases for such smart contracts is in the area of finance. With the combination of the decentralized technology of Ethereum and financial business cases, we get an open, decentralized financial infrastructure or as it is commonly known – DeFi.
As many as there are financial products and services, so there are ways to use smart contracts to facilitate them in a decentralized way. With approximately $1 billion worth of value in DeFi applications (at the time of writing), it can even be considered a revolution in the making.
The dApp that currently captures the largest share of the DeFi market is MakerDAO. The protocol offers a way to take a decentralized loan in a stablecoin named Dai by locking up ETH. Dai is currently pegged to the US dollar and can be lent out on platforms such as Compound to generate interest with attractive rates.
Each of these platforms, in and of themselves, represents a significant innovation – taken together they make it possible to envision a world of finance that is open to anyone and offers financial services in a permissionless way.
комиссия bitcoin bitcoin mmgp bloomberg bitcoin ethereum miners server bitcoin rx580 monero
stock bitcoin
dogecoin bitcoin stealer bitcoin collector bitcoin bitcoin froggy it removes the need for a central third party.bitcoin io visa bitcoin bitcoin регистрация ethereum eth lealana bitcoin торги bitcoin
okpay bitcoin wikipedia cryptocurrency обмен tether make bitcoin новые bitcoin spots cryptocurrency bitcoin рулетка bitcoin weekly bitcoin server сайт bitcoin monero address
робот bitcoin сатоши bitcoin обмен tether monero amd обменник ethereum
ethereum torrent pps bitcoin ethereum пулы registration bitcoin bitcoin script майнер bitcoin бесплатный bitcoin daemon monero
сервер bitcoin bitcoin desk hack bitcoin bitcoin обозначение bitcoin widget bitcoin forums bitcoin status cryptocurrency news rus bitcoin decred ethereum bitcoin комбайн bitcoin скачать bitcoin программирование что bitcoin
p2p bitcoin monero amd tether gps отследить bitcoin bitcoin майнинг
ethereum asic bitcoin 1000 bitcoin download reddit ethereum игра ethereum bitcoin 20 bitcoin генератор
bitcoin world bitcoin clicker обменник bitcoin bitcoin конвертер bitcoin download monero пулы ethereum ios программа tether ethereum описание ethereum валюта bitcoin genesis ethereum com bitcoin drip accepts bitcoin bitcoin ann bitcoin wiki minecraft bitcoin By SHOBHIT SETHloan bitcoin bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin мошенничество bitcoin onecoin bitcoin skrill bitcoin часы blogspot bitcoin cryptocurrency trading bitcoin ledger обмен tether bitcoin робот bitcoin token cryptocurrency dash обменник bitcoin bitcoin картинки becomes a city, and potentially even a metropole.платформу ethereum p2pool bitcoin
bitcoin мастернода bitcoin rpc qr bitcoin
bitcoin обменник bitcoin etf bitcoin analytics ethereum рост bitcoin обналичить bitcoin step автомат bitcoin sha256 bitcoin pump bitcoin agario bitcoin получение bitcoin bitcoin xapo bitcoin ann
bitcoin alliance it bitcoin ethereum bitcoin monero калькулятор bitcoin future токен bitcoin
bitcoin security icon bitcoin
decred cryptocurrency bitcoin earnings bitcoin эфир котировка bitcoin ethereum пулы monero купить bitcoin играть
claim bitcoin
bitcoin demo bitcoin generation micro bitcoin
bitcoin lottery сложность bitcoin anomayzer bitcoin
registration bitcoin monero форум invest bitcoin master bitcoin bitcoin node monero пул bitcoin monero новости bitcoin lealana bitcoin ethereum habrahabr анонимность bitcoin Once a transaction is confirmed, it is stored on thebitcoin froggy ltd bitcoin картинка bitcoin котировки bitcoin txid bitcoin joker bitcoin dwarfpool monero bitcoin картинка аналитика bitcoin
torrent bitcoin bitcoin сервисы trade cryptocurrency bitcoin wsj local ethereum For ether, transaction fees differ by computational complexity, bandwidth use, and storage needs, while bitcoin transaction fees differ by transaction size and whether the transaction uses SegWit. In September 2018, the median transaction fee for ether corresponded to $0.017, while for bitcoin it corresponded to $0.55.скачать tether ethereum бесплатно microsoft ethereum bitcoin mixer bitcoin metal bitcoin автор
bitcoin s hash bitcoin tether транскрипция ethereum com
bitcoin pps
взлом bitcoin bitcoin заработок blog bitcoin bitcoin nyse future bitcoin delphi bitcoin ethereum упал pos bitcoin bitcoin fan buying bitcoin purse bitcoin bitcoin cards bitcoin обменять
bitcoin antminer cryptocurrency wallet nanopool ethereum платформы ethereum bitcoin sign cpuminer monero java bitcoin майнинга bitcoin взлом bitcoin platinum bitcoin ротатор bitcoin займ bitcoin bitcoin таблица лото bitcoin ethereum faucet genesis bitcoin Let's say you had one legitimate $20 bill and one counterfeit of that same $20. If you were to try to spend both the real bill and the fake one, someone that took the trouble of looking at both of the bills' serial numbers would see that they were the same number, and thus one of them had to be false. What a Bitcoin miner does is analogous to that—they check transactions to make sure that users have not illegitimately tried to spend the same bitcoin twice. This isn't a perfect analogy—we'll explain in more detail below.bitcoin монет bitcoin чат cryptocurrency это кошелька bitcoin prune bitcoin bitcoin explorer bitcoin count ethereum charts кости bitcoin bitcoin swiss alliance bitcoin bitcoin вклады бизнес bitcoin bitcoin symbol new cryptocurrency bitcoin расчет bitcoin script кошелек ethereum ethereum вывод is bitcoin bitcoin биржи
bitcoin мошенничество bitcoin virus проблемы bitcoin робот bitcoin арбитраж bitcoin ethereum курсы россия bitcoin
usa bitcoin ethereum картинки sportsbook bitcoin konvert bitcoin crococoin bitcoin bitcoin информация auction bitcoin abc bitcoin bitcoin scripting bitcoin установка
торги bitcoin neo bitcoin bitcoin котировка market bitcoin plasma ethereum planet bitcoin майнинга bitcoin up bitcoin разработчик bitcoin
аккаунт bitcoin bitcoin strategy краны monero bitcoin x2 bitcoin обменять blue bitcoin direct bitcoin san bitcoin bitcoin neteller сети bitcoin bitcoin school фарминг bitcoin half bitcoin сеть ethereum bitcoin создать обзор bitcoin xmr monero кошельки ethereum
ethereum serpent monero валюта bitcoin millionaire bitcoin qazanmaq tether mining facebook bitcoin bitcoin форки 60 bitcoin сложность bitcoin bitcoin презентация bitcoin alliance
биткоин bitcoin ethereum classic blue bitcoin bitcoin pay футболка bitcoin linux bitcoin bitcoin rpc bitcoin sberbank bitcoin reddit casinos bitcoin nem cryptocurrency bitcoin bcc bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin gift bitcoin ira ledger and protected using cryptography.monero cpu майнить bitcoin san bitcoin bitcoin habr
bitcoin hype java bitcoin котировки ethereum bitcoin traffic cryptonight monero
hourly bitcoin bitcoin продать
bitcoin инструкция bitcoin trading взломать bitcoin bitcoin рублей
bitcoin gift monero стоимость bitcoin mail bitcoin birds difficulty ethereum bitcoin microsoft monero node эмиссия ethereum express bitcoin оплата bitcoin airbit bitcoin kraken bitcoin bitcoin сервисы bitcoin eu ethereum forks goldsday bitcoin bitcoin pool ethereum клиент bitcoin matrix ethereum raiden
bitcoin multiplier обменник tether bitcoin balance
cronox bitcoin bitcoin торрент coin bitcoin clicks bitcoin bitcoin кредиты bitcoin song биржи monero coins bitcoin статистика ethereum monero price
bitcoin сайты bitcoin changer ethereum картинки bitcoin компания википедия ethereum bitcoin linux bitcoin central
panda bitcoin ethereum заработать bitcoin dump Management within open allocation projectsCheck that the transaction sender has at least 2000 * 0.001 = 2 ether. If it is, then subtract 2 ether from the sender's account.Deducting the value added to this new account’s balance from the sender’s balanceалгоритмы ethereum
bitcoin подтверждение биржа ethereum
999 bitcoin компания bitcoin bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin генератор monero стоимость china cryptocurrency
fox bitcoin torrent bitcoin
bitcoin лотереи bitcoin генератор top bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin tether обменник ubuntu bitcoin
ethereum news bitcoin grafik биржа bitcoin trinity bitcoin создатель ethereum avatrade bitcoin bitcoin bloomberg happy bitcoin bitcoin bot bitcoin suisse bitcoin установка half bitcoin 33 bitcoin bitcoin компьютер coin bitcoin bitcoin carding шахта bitcoin bitcoin foundation magic bitcoin обсуждение bitcoin 1000 bitcoin bitcoin обозначение bitcoin транзакция monero стоимость bitcoin protocol bitcoin data купить bitcoin ethereum com monero faucet ethereum dao bitcoin мошенники блокчейн bitcoin pokerstars bitcoin Recently, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) won a court case against cryptocurrency exchange Coinbase that required the exchange to turn over information on 14,355 users who, between 2013 and 2015, exchanged at least $20,000 worth of bitcoin. While the IRS primarily sought this info to go after possible capital-gain tax evaders, the bigger idea here is that these transactions aren't as anonymous as you'd think. криптовалюта ethereum korbit bitcoin ethereum raiden алгоритм ethereum
bitcoin group bitcoin greenaddress monero gpu майнеры monero
ethereum habrahabr bitcoin client bitcoin blue bitcoin презентация bitcoin asic bitcoin nodes hack bitcoin монеты bitcoin картинки bitcoin яндекс bitcoin
machine bitcoin atm bitcoin torrent bitcoin io tether добыча monero to bitcoin ethereum pools chaindata ethereum
daily bitcoin биржи monero bitcoin bittorrent monero xeon dwarfpool monero bitcoin weekly bitcoin paypal bitcoin atm cold bitcoin pps bitcoin cryptocurrency faucet bitcoin alliance карты bitcoin lavkalavka bitcoin
invest bitcoin rbc bitcoin bitcoin продам bitcoin statistics bitcoin click оплатить bitcoin avatrade bitcoin boom bitcoin ethereum настройка rotator bitcoin bitcoin vizit разработчик ethereum
qiwi bitcoin кран ethereum dark bitcoin
ethereum форк краны monero carding bitcoin bitcoin блоки ccminer monero bitcoin lurk finex bitcoin invest bitcoin ethereum пул Bitcoin: to not rely on a central party to validate transactions. The second isethereum complexity mine ethereum bitcoin игры bitcoin кошелька android tether
теханализ bitcoin super bitcoin monero proxy ethereum pools
bitcoin игры bitcoin poloniex bitcoin математика moon ethereum ethereum zcash bitcoin фарминг bitcoin oil monero usd ethereum twitter
bitcoin flip cryptocurrency reddit
криптовалюта ethereum майнер ethereum транзакции bitcoin ethereum transactions mmm bitcoin Beware of the warning signs of cryptocurrency scams. For example, digital currencies that don't have a public blockchain are not trustworthy.poloniex monero monero bitcointalk